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Effects of addition of poles and zeros to closed loop transfer function of a...
Effect of addition of pole and zero to closed loop transfer function. Aim: Study and plot unit step response of addition of pole and zero to the closed loop transfer function for a unity feedback...
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Characteristics of Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) LAB MANUAL PDF
Characteristics of Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) Aim: To study resistance temperature detector and its characteristics. Apparatus required: RTD pt-100, voltmeter, power supply, connecting...
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Characteristics of Thermistor LAB MANUAL PDF
Aim: To determine thermistor resistance temperature characteristics. Apparatus required: Bead type thermistor, multimeter, thermometer, water bath, heater connecting wires, etc. Introduction:...
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Regulated Power Supply – Construction, circuit diagram and working principle
Construction and working of regulated power supply. The general block diagram of regulated power supply is shown below: 1) AC supply and transformer: A power supply is used to provide the...
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Half Wave Rectifier – Circuit diagram and working principle
Half Wave Rectifier: In this type only one diode is used. Generally a step-down transformer is used to provide the required secondary voltage. The transformer isolates the load from the line. This...
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Full Wave Rectifier – Circuit diagram, waveforms and working principle
Full Wave Rectifier: Circuit diagram of full wave rectifier is shown below: In full wave rectifier two diodes are used. The transformer used must have a centre-tapped secondary. During the positive...
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Full Wave Bridge Rectifier – Circuit diagram, waveforms and working principle
Full wave bridge rectifier: In full wave Bridge rectifier a transformer and four diodes are used. During the positive half cycle of secondary voltage, the diodes D2 and D4 are forward-biased, but...
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What is meant by Ripple and Ripple factor in Electronics
What do you mean by ripples and ripple factor ? Answer : The direct current is unidirectional and ideally has no fluctuations with time. But the output of a rectifier is unidirectional, but fluctuates...
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Capacitor input filter – Circuit diagram, waveforms and working principle
What do you mean by filter circuit? Filter Circuit – Most of the electronic circuits require a dc voltage that is constant, similar to the voltage from a battery but the rectifiers cannot provide...
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How to draw Root Locus of given transfer function with simple steps...
Root Locus Method with step by step solution: Introduction: We know that the stability of the given closed loop system depends upon the location of the roots of the characteristics equation. That is...
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Series Inductor Filter – Circuit diagram, waveforms and working principle
Series inductor filter Before going to study series inductor filter it is necessary to understand what is meant by filter circuit? Filter Circuit – Most of the electronic circuits require a dc voltage...
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RC and LC Filters – Circuit diagram, waveforms and working principle
RC filter: In the above figure two sections of RC filter are shown. These are connected between the input capacitor and the load resistor. The value of R should be at least 10 times greater than the...
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Anderson’s Bridge – Construction, working, advantages and disadvantages
Anderson’s Bridge: Anderson’s Bridge is the modification of the Maxwell’s inductance-capacitance bridge. In Anderson’s bridge a standard capacitor is used for the measurement of self inductance. A main...
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Optical Pyrometer for measurement of temperature
Optical Pyrometer: Construction and working principle of optical pyrometer: Optical pyrometer is an instrument used for the measurement of temperature. When radiation from heated body at high...
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Effect of temperature changes on Ammeter
Effects of temperature changes in Ammeters: Errors due to temperature changes in ammeters can be eliminated by using the same material for both shunt and moving coil and kept at the same temperature....
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Easy and Fast Subtraction within second – Vedic mathematics method
Tutorial 1: Quick and easy subtraction within seconds. Hi friends, from today onwards I am going to start a new section for our blog which is ‘Vedic mathematics’. Vedic mathematics is an ancient method...
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How to multiply two numbers quick and easy method – Vedic mathematics
Tutorial 2: Multiplication of two numbers near to 10, 100, 1000 and so on. Using vertically and crosswise multiplication we can easily find the multiplication of two numbers. Using this method we can...
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Addition and subtraction of fractions quick and easy method – Vedic...
Tutorial 3: Quick and easy method for addition and subtraction of two fractions. Addition of two fraction numbers: In this method we simply multiply crosswise and add them to get numerator of the...
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How to square and multiply numbers quick and easy method of Vedic mathematics
Tutorial 4: Part 1): A simple and quick method for squaring a number ending with 5. In this tutorial we are going to learn one simple method of Vedic mathematics to make the square of a number which...
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How CRO displays a waveform
How CRO displays a waveform? A sawtooth or sweep voltage is applied to the horizontal plates and a sine wave signal is applied to the vertical plates. The simultaneous application of deflection...
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