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Introduction to sensors and transducers
Introduction to sensors and transducers: 1. Sensor: A device detecting the presence of parameter or measured variable and converting it into suitable form is called a sensor. It is a device which...
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Measurement of Resistance
Measurement of Resistance: 1) Classification of Resistances: Different types of resistances according to the point of measurement are as follows: Low resistances: All resistances of the order of...
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Ammeter Voltmeter method
Ammeter Voltmeter method: This is very popular method for measurement of medium resistances since instruments required for this method are usually available in laboratory. The two types of connections...
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Color to grayscale conversion MATLAB image processing tutorial
Color to grayscale conversion MATLAB image processing tutorial: Hi friends, this is my first tutorial on Matlab image processing .The purpose of this tutorial is to gain familiarity with MATLAB’s Image...
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Megger
Megger: We know that the ratiometer ohmmeters may be designed to cover a wide range of resistances. The principle of ratiometer ohmmeters is particularly adapted to application in portable instruments...
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Direct deflection method for high resistance
Direct deflection method: The figure shows the measurement of high resistance using direct deflection method. For measurement of high resistance such as insulation resistance of cables, a sensitive...
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Addition of two images using MATLAB image processing
Addition of two images using MATLAB image processing: In this tutorial you will learn how to add two images. Yes it is possible in MATLAB. You can add i.e. superimpose two images. Following are the...
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Kelvin double bridge method for low resistances
Kelvin double bridge method for low resistances The Kelvin double bridge is the modification of the Wheatstone bridge and provides greatly increased accuracy in measurement of low value resistance. for...
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Ideal op amp characteristics
Characteristics of ideal operational amplifier: An ideal op-amp would exhibit the following electrical characteristics: Infinite voltage gain A. Infinite input resistance Ri so that almost any signal...
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Potentiometer method for low resistance measurement
Potentiometer: The principle of operation of all potentiometers is based on the circuit of figure, which shows the schematic diagram of the basic slide wire potentiometer. With switch S in the operate...
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Maxwell’s inductance bridge
Maxwell’s inductance bridge: Maxwell’s inductance bridge measures the value of given inductance by comparison with a variable standard self inductance. The circuit diagram of Maxwell’s inductance...
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Maxwell’s inductance capacitance bridge
Maxwell’s inductance capacitance bridge: In Maxwell’s inductance capacitance bridge the value of inductance is measured by the comparison with standard variable capacitance. The connection for...
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Hay’s bridge
Hay’s bridge for measurement of inductance : The Hay’s bridge is modification of the Maxwell’s bridge. The connection diagram of the Hay’s bridge is shown in figure below. This bridge uses a resistor...
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Four way traffic light controller Mini-project
Four way traffic light signal using PIC16F84A microcontroller: Components: 1) Four set of Red-Green-Blue LEDs 2) PIC16F84A microcontroller 3) 22uF capacitor – 2 no. 4) Crystal...
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Quine Mccluskey Method with Example
Quine-Mcclusky method for minimization of logic function: Question: minimize the following logic function using Quine Mcclusky method: Y(A,B,C,D)= ∑ m(0,1,3,7,8,9,11,15) Solution: Table 1:...
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How to make DTMF decoder MINI-PROJECT
DTMF (Dual tone multiple frequency): Circuit diagram of DTMF decoder: Components : 1) Breadboard. 2) IC 7805 and IC MT8870 (DTMF IC): 2) 9V battery: 3) four small LED: Capacitors: 1) 0.1uF 2) 22pF 3)...
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Trapezoidal Rule MATLAB Program example
Trapezoidal Rule MATLAB Program example: Question: Evaluate the integral x^4 within limits -3 to 3 using Trapazoidal rule. Solution: Let y(x)=x^4 here a=-3 and b=3 therefore (b-a)=6 let ‘n’ be the...
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Simpson’s 1/3rd rule MATLAB Program examples
Simpson’s 1/3rd rule MATLAB Program examples: Question: Evaluate the integral x^4 within limits -3 to 3 using Simpson’s 1/3 rd rule. Solution: Let y(x)=x^4 here a=-3 and b=3 therefore (b-a)=6 let ‘n’...
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Simpson’s 3/8th Rule MATLAB Program example
Simpson’s 3/8th Rule MATLAB Program example: Question: Evaluate the integral x^4 within limits -3 to 3 using Simpson’s 3/8th Rule. Solution: Let y(x)=x^4 here a=-3 and b=3 therefore (b-a)=6 let ‘n’ be...
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lagrange interpolation MATLAB Program example
lagrange interpolation MATLAB Program example: Question: Given set of values of x and y (5,12),(6,13),(9,14),(11,16) Find the value of x corresponding to y=15 using lagrange interpolation Solution:...
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