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Series Inductor Filter – Circuit diagram, Waveforms and Working Principle
This post provides an information about series inductor filter. Before going to study series inductor filter it is necessary to understand what is meant by filter circuit? Filter Circuit – Most of the...
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RC and LC Filters – Circuit Diagram, Waveforms and Working Principle
Hi friends, today we are going to learn some basic filter circuits like RC filter and LC filter. RC Filter RC filter In the above figure two sections of RC filter are shown. These are connected between...
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Superposition Theorem with Solved Examples
Hi friends, here are going to learn a superposition theorem. We will also solve on simple example using superposition theorem. Statement of Superposition Theorem Superposition theorem states that, the...
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Weighted Resistor DAC and its Operation
HI friends, today we are going to learn weighted resistor DAC. Many times we require to convert a digital output into its equivalent analog voltage. To perform this operation we are going to use...
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Sigma Delta ADC & its Working Principle
Hi friends, today we will see Sigma Delta ADC and its working. Sigma Delta ADC is widely used in communication system, professional audio system and high precision measurement system. Sigma Delta ADC...
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Flash ADC or Parallel ADC and its Working Principle
Another type of ADC is parallel ADC. Parallel ADC is called as Flash ADC. Its response is very fast. it converts analog signal into digital signal using parallel set of comparators. As its conversion...
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Linear Voltage Regulator – Series and Shunt type
Hi friends, in this article, we will take a basic overview of a linear voltage regulator and its types. This includes the block diagram and working principles. What is voltage regulator? A voltage...
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Shunt Voltage Regulator – Working Principle
A zener diode forms an integral part of any voltage regulator. Before we go ahead, we know, that in all cases, the voltage across a zener diode will remain constant. i.e. ?VZ = 0. In all cases, we...
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Series Voltage Regulator – Working Principle
We assume that the voltage across a zener diode remains constant. i.e. DVZ = 0. In all cases, we indicate load resistance by RL Series voltage regulator circuit diagram Assume supply voltage increases...
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Voltage Controlled Oscillator – Working Principle
What is an oscillator circuit? Assume an electrical circuit produces the following waveform output (voltage or current output). Voltage Controlled Oscillator Waveform This output is a square wave. It...
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Thermal wattmeter
Thermal wattmeter: Following figure shows the arrangement of thermal wattmeter for measurement of power: Thermal Wattmeter This wattmeter uses two similar thermocouples (1 and 2) whose outputs are...
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Three voltmeter method
Three voltmeter method for measurement of power: As we know, wattmeters are used for measurement of power in inductance AC circuits, but in some cases it is not possible to use wattmeters because of...
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Three ammeter method
Three ammeter method for measurement of power: Following figures shows the circuit diagram and phasor diagram of three ammeter method for measurement of power. The current measured by the ammeter A1,...
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CRO and its Working
Hi friends, in this post we are going to learn about Basics of Cathode Ray Tube (CRO) and its function. We will also see the working of CRO. Block Diagram of CRO: CRO block diagram Cathode Ray Tube...
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Schering Bridge (Measurement of Capacitance)
Hi friends, this post provides an information about Schering bridge which is used for measurement of capacitance. We will also see its phasor diagram, advantages and disadvantages. The connections and...
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Anderson’s Bridge – Construction, working, advantages and disadvantages
Anderson’s Bridge is the modification of Maxwell’s inductance-capacitance bridge. In Anderson’s bridge, a standard capacitor is used for the measurement of self-inductance. The main advantage of this...
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Effects of temperature changes on Ammeter
Effects of temperature changes in Ammeters: This post provides an information about effects of temperature changes in ammeters. Ammeter Errors due to temperature changes in ammeters can be eliminated...
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Carey Foster Bridge Construction & Working Principle
Hi friends, this post provides an information about Carey Foster bridge. We will also learn how this bridge can be used to determine the resistance in detail with deriving an expression for determining...
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Thermocouple – Types, Working principle & Properties
Thermocouple Working Principle Seeback Effect When heat is applied to a junction of two dissimilar metals, an e.m.f. (thermo e.m.f.) is generated which causes current to flow from hot junction to cold...
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Vehicle Number Plate Detection and Character Recognition using MATLAB
Before understanding the concept behind image reading and recognition, you should understand “Fourier Transform” and basic matrix operations in Matlab. 1) Let’s consider we have captured below the...
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